How we're different from neanderthals

So far, the team has identified only about 100 genes — surprisingly few — that modern humans have evolved since the split. The nature of the genes in humans that differ from those of Neanderthals is of particular interest since they bear on what it means to be human, or at least not Neanderthal. Some of the genes seem to be involved in cognitive function and others in bone structure.

via Study Says Neanderthals May Have Mated With Humans - NYTimes.com.

We may be able to see, soon.